Overview
Definition- Overview of the PPP legal and regulatory framework
- Number of PPP projects reaching financial close from 1990 until the end of 2019 across sectors
- Total investment made in PPPs from 1990 to 2019 across sectors
- Features of past PPP projects including the number of PPPs procured through various modes of PPP procurement
- Number of PPP projects under preparation and procurement
- Number of PPP projects supported by the government
- Payment mechanism for PPPs
- Foreign sponsor participation in PPPs from 1990 to 2019
- Major sponsors active in the country’s infrastructure sector
- Challenges associated with the PPP landscape in the country
National PPP Landscape
National PPP Legal and Regulatory FrameworkSupporting Indicators Units Definition Does the country have— Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Details on the legal and regulatory framework applicable to PPPs and its evolution since the introduction of PPPs in the country
Details on other supporting laws and regulations governing PPPs in the country
- National PPP laws and regulations?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Public financial management laws and regulations?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Sector-specific laws and regulations?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Procurement laws and regulations?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Environmental laws and regulations?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Laws and regulations for social compliance?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Laws and regulations governing land acquisition and ownership?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Taxation laws and regulations?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Employment laws and regulations?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Licensing requirements?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Evolution of the PPP legal and regulatory framework in the country Description What are the other components of the PPP legal and regulatory framework? Description Types of PPPSupporting Indicators Units Definition Number of PPP types defined in
the PPP regulationsNumber Details on the PPP types allowed to be used as per PPP legal and regulatory framework. In case the PPP legal and regulatory framework does not specify the PPP types, this section provides the details on the specific PPP types which have been adopted for various PPP projects at various stages of the PPP lifecycle.
Eligible SectorsSupporting Indicators Units Definition - Transportation infrastructure
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Details on various infrastructure sectors for which projects could be procured through the PPP route as per the PPP legal and regulatory framework
- Road infrastructure
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Water resources and irrigation infrastructure
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Water supply infrastructure
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Infrastructure for centralized water waste management systems
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Infrastructure for local water waste management system
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Infrastructure for waste management system
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Telecommunication and informatics infrastructure
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Energy and electricity infrastructure including renewable energy
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Energy conservation infrastructure
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Urban facilities infrastructure
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Zone infrastructure
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Tourism infrastructure (e.g., tourism information center)
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Education facilities, research and development infrastructure
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Health infrastructure
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Public housing infrastructure
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable PPP Institutional FrameworkSupporting Indicators Units Definition Does the country have a national PPP unit? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Details on the PPP institutional framework including availability of a PPP unit; functions of the PPP unit; principal public entities associated with PPPs and their respective functions; and details of public entities responsible for PPP project identification, appraisal, approval, oversight, and monitoring What are the functions of the national PPP unit? - Supporting the design and operationalization of the national PPP-enabling framework
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Helping develop a national PPP pipeline
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Supporting the arrangement of funding for project preparation (budgetary allocations, technical assistance funding from multilateral development agencies, operating a dedicated project preparation/project development fund)
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Guidance for project preparation to and coordination with the government agencies responsible for sponsoring the projects
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Making recommendations to the PPP committee and/or other approving authorities to provide approvals associated with various stages of the PPP process
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Entities Responsible for PPP Project Identification, Approval, and OversightSupporting Indicators Units Definition Who is responsible for identifying, preparing, and procuring the PPP projects? Description Is there a PPP committee for providing approvals at various stages of PPP projects? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Who are the approving authorities other than the PPP committee for the PPP projects? Does the country have an independent think tank for various PPP planning, budgeting, and policy decisions? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Is there a legislature for the PPP program oversight? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Entities Responsible for PPP Project MonitoringSupporting Indicators Units Definition Is there an entity for monitoring of PPP projects post-commercial close? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Is there an entity for monitoring and management of fiscal risks and liabilities from PPP projects for the Ministry of Finance? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable PPP ProcessSupporting Indicators Units Definition Does the PPP legal and regulatory framework provide for a PPP implementation process covering the entire PPP life cycle? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Details on various stages of the PPP process, including PPP project identification, preparation, structuring, procurement, and management as per the PPP legal and regulatory framework in the country Does the Feasibility Assessment Stage cover— Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Technical feasibility?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Socioeconomic feasibility?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Environmental sustainability?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Financial feasibility?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Fiscal affordability assessment?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Legal assessment?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Risk assessment and PPP project structuring?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Value for money assessment?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Market sounding with stakeholders?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Is the PPP procurement plan required? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Is there a need to set up a separate PPP procurement committee? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Is competitive bidding the only method for selection of PPP private developer? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Is the prequalification stage necessary? Or does the PPP legal and regulatory framework allow flexibility to skip the prequalification stage? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Does the PPP legal and regulatory process provide the option to the preferred bidder for contract negotiations? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Does the PPP legal and regulatory framework allow unsuccessful bidders to challenge the award and/or submit complaints? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable What is the maximum time allowed for submitting a complaint and/or challenging the award by unsuccessful bidders from the announcement of the preferred bidder? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Does the PPP legal and regulatory framework provide for transparency? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Which of the following are required to be published? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Findings from the feasibility assessment?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Procurement notice?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Outcome of stakeholder consultations from market sounding?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Clarifications to prequalification queries?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Prequalification results?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Clarifications to pre-bid queries?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Results for the bid stage and selection of preferred bidder?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Final concession agreement to be entered between the government agency and the preferred bidder? And other PPP project agreements executed between government agency and preferred bidder?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Confidentiality
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable PPP Standard Operating Procedures, Tool Kits, Templates, and Model Bid DocumentsSupporting Indicators Units Definition Does the country have PPP Guidelines/PPP Guidance Manual? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Details on standard operating procedures and standard templates, or model bidding documents available for PPPs, if any.
Details on the key clauses in a PPP agreement based on the review of select PPP agreements already executed, and/or the review of the PPP legal and regulatory framework
Does the PPP Guidelines/PPP Guidance Manual adequately cover the process, entities involved, roles and responsibilities of various entities, approvals required at various stages, and the timelines for the various stages of the PPP project life cycle? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable What are the templates and checklists available in the PPP Guidelines/PPP Guidance Manual? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Project Needs Assessment and Options Analysis checklist
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Project Due Diligence checklist
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Technical Assessment checklist
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Environmental Assessment checklist
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - PPP Procurement Plan template
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Does the country have standardized/model bidding documents for PPPs? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Model Request for Qualification (RFQ) document
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Model Request for Proposal (RFP) document
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Model PPP/Concession Agreement
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - State Support Agreement
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Viability Gap Funding (VGF) Agreement
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Guarantee Agreement
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Power Purchase Agreement
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Capacity Take-or-Pay Contract
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Fuel Supply Agreement
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Transmission and Use of System Agreement
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Performance-Based Operations and Maintenance Contract
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Engineering, Procurement, and Construction Contract
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Does the country have standardized PPP agreement terms? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - PPP Family Indicator
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - PPP Mode Validity Indicator
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - PPP Suitability Filter
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - PPP Screening Tool
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Financial Viability Indicator Model
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Economic Viability Indicator Model
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Value for Money (VFM) Indicator Tool
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Readiness Filter
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Is there a framework for monitoring fiscal risks from PPPs including the following? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Process for assessing fiscal commitments
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Process for approving fiscal commitments
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Process for monitoring fiscal commitments
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Process for reporting fiscal commitments
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Process for budgeting fiscal commitments
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Are there fiscal prudence norms/thresholds to limit fiscal exposure to PPPs? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Is there a process for assessing and budgeting contingent liabilities from PPPs? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Lender’s Security RightsSupporting Indicators Units Definition Does the law specifically enable lenders the following rights: Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable The rights of a lender including the charge of project assets - Security over the project assets
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Security over the land on which they are built (land use right)
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Security over the shares of a PPP project company
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Can there be a direct agreement between the government and lenders?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Do lenders get priority in the case of insolvency?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Can lenders be given step-in rights?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Termination and CompensationSupporting Indicators Units Definition Does the law specifically enable compensation payment to the private partner in case of early termination due to: Definition on whether the private player is eligible for compensation in case of PPP project termination due to various reasons - Public sector default or termination for reasons of public interest
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Private sector default
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Force majeure
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Does the law enable the concept of economic/financial equilibrium?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Does the law enable compensation payment to the private partner due to:
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Material adverse government action
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Force majeure
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Change in law
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Unsolicited PPP ProposalsSupporting Indicators Units Definition Does the PPP legal and regulatory framework allow submission and acceptance of unsolicited proposals? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Details on possibility of submission of unsolicited PPP proposals and their treatment, including potential advantages provided to the unsolicited PPP proposal proponent at the PPP procurement stage What are the advantages provided to the project proponent for an unsolicited bid? - Competitive advantage at bid evaluation?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Swiss Challenge?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Compensation of the project development costs?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Government support for land acquisition and resettlement cost?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Government support in the form of viability gap funding and guarantees?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Foreign Investor Participation RestrictionsSupporting Indicators Units Definition Is there any restriction for foreign investors on: Definition of whether there are any statutory restrictions on foreign equity investments and ownership in PPP projects - Land use/ownership rights as opposed to similar rights of local investors
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Currency conversion
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Dispute ResolutionSupporting Indicators Units Definition Does the country have a dispute resolution tribunal (DRT)? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Definition of the dispute resolution process and mechanisms available in the country Does the country have an institutional arbitration mechanism? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Can a foreign law be chosen to govern PPP contracts? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable What dispute resolution mechanisms are available for PPP agreements? - Court litigation
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Local arbitration
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - International arbitration
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Has the country signed the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Environmental and Social IssuesSupporting Indicators Units Definition Is there a local regulation establishing a process for environmental impact assessment? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Details on whether the legal and regulatory framework governing PPPs stipulates a mechanism for managing the environmental impact of a PPP project, including the potential environmental issues which could be caused by a PPP project Is there a legal mechanism for the private partner to limit environmental liability for what is outside of its control or caused by third parties? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Deliberation on whether a private partner can limit the circumstances where it is penalized for breaching environmental standards, where such a breach is not within its control. For example, a wastewater treatment plant operator will wish to avoid prosecution or even liability for pollution caused by a pollutant in the influent which the treatment plant cannot treat, or will at least want to have the power to pursue the polluter to stop the pollution and/or obtain compensation. Is there a local regulation establishing a process for social impact assessment? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Details on whether the legal and regulatory framework governing PPPs stipulates a mechanism for managing the social impact of a PPP project, including the potential social issues which could be caused by a PPP project Is there involuntary land clearance for PPP projects? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Deliberation on whether land expropriation is possible for PPP projects
Land RightsSupporting Indicators Units Definition Which of the following is permitted to the private partner: Definition of various mechanisms through which landownership and/or land use rights could be provided to the private partner in respect of the project site for a PPP project
Details on land records and registration which could be provided to the private partner
- Transfer land lease/use/ownership rights to third party
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Use leased/owned land as collateral
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Mortgage leased/owned land
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Is there a legal mechanism for granting wayleave rights, for example, laying water pipes or fiber cables over land occupied by persons other than the government or the private partner? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Is there a land registry/cadastre with public information on land plots? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Which of the following information on land plots is available to the private partner: Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Appraisal of land value
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Landowners
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Land boundaries
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Utility connections
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Immovable property on land
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Plots classification
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Government Financial Support for PPP ProjectsSupporting Indicators Units Definition Is there a dedicated government financial support mechanism for PPP projects? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Details on various mechanisms of government financial support available to make PPP projects financially viable
Salient features of government financial support mechanisms available
What are the instruments of government financial support available under this government financial support mechanism? - Capital grant
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Operations grant
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Annuity/availability payments
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Guarantees to cover
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Currency inconvertibility and transfer risk
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Foreign exchange risk
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - War and civil disturbance risk
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Breach of contract risk
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Regulatory risk
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Expropriation risk
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Government payment obligation risk
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Credit risk
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Minimum demand/revenue risk
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Risk of making annuity/availability payments in a timely manner
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable What are the caps/ceilings for the government financial support under each of the above mentioned government financial support instruments? Is there a minimum PPP project size (investment) for a PPP project to be eligible for receiving government financial support? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Are there minimum financial commitment requirements for the private developer equity before the government support could be drawn? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Is the government financial support required, and is there an allowed bid parameter for PPP projects? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Are unsolicited PPP proposals eligible to receive government financial support? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Are there standard operating procedures for providing government financial support to PPP projects? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Appraisal and approval process
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Budgeting process
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Disbursement process
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Monitoring process
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Accounting, auditing, and reporting process
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Who are the signatories to the Government Financial Support Agreement? Who is responsible for monitoring the performance of PPP projects availing government financial support? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Independent engineer
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Government agency
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Ministry of Finance
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable What are the other forms of government support available for PPP projects? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Land acquisition funding support
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Funding support for resettlement and rehabilitation of affected parties
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Tax holidays/exemptions
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Real estate development rights
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Advertising and marketing rights
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Interest rate/cost of debt subventions
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Other subsidies and subventions
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Can the other forms of government support be availed over and above the government financial support through various instruments listed above? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Project Development Funding SupportSupporting Indicators Units Definition What are the various sources of funds for PPP project preparation? Details on various sources through which funding could be availed for the development activities (preparation, structuring, and procurement) for a PPP project
Details on stages of the PPP project development stage during which such funding could be availed and utilized, including payments to transaction advisors
- Budgetary allocations
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Dedicated project preparation/project development fund
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Technical assistance from multilateral, bilateral, and donor agencies?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Recovery of project preparation funding from the preferred bidder?
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable At what stage of the PPP project can the project preparation/development funding be availed by the government agency? - Pre-feasibility stage
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Detailed feasibility stage
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Transaction stage
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Is there a list of project preparation/project development activities toward which the project development funding can be utilized? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Can the project development funding be utilized to appoint transaction advisors for PPP projects? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Is there a specific process to be followed by government agencies to appoint transaction advisors? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable What are the payment mechanisms for making payments to transaction advisors? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Timesheet-based
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Milestone-based
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Are there standard agreements and documents to avail project development funding? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Who are the signatories to the project development funding agreements? PPP Project StatisticsSupporting Indicators Units Definition Is there a national PPP database for the country? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Details on the key PPP statistics in the country, such as (i) availability of a PPP database showing distribution of PPP projects across sectors and across various stages of the PPP life cycle, and (ii) availability of a national PPP project pipeline and its alignment with the national infrastructure plan for the country Is the distribution of PPP projects across infrastructure sectors available? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Is the distribution of PPP projects across various stages of the PPP life cycle available? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Does the country publish a national PPP project pipeline? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable At what frequency is the national PPP project pipeline published? Is the national PPP project pipeline based on the national infrastructure plan for the country? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Sources of PPP FinancingSupporting Indicators Units Definition Who are the typical entities financing PPP projects in the country? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Details on the sources of financing for PPP projects in the country
Details on typical key financing terms for various sources of financing, banks active in project finance for the last 24 months, active PPP project sponsors in the country for the last 24 months, availability of derivatives market, and availability of credit rating agencies in the country
- Private developers
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Construction contractors
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Institutional/financial/private equity investors
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Pension funds
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Insurance companies
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Banks
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Nonbanking financial corporation/financial institutions
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Donor agencies
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable - Government agencies and state-owned enterprises
Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable What is the distribution of financing among these entities financing PPP projects? Does the country have the history/track record of issuing bonds by infrastructure projects? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable How many infrastructure projects/private developers for infrastructure projects have raised funding through bond issuances? Number What is the value of funding raised through capital markets by PPPs? Number Does the country have a matured derivatives market to hedge certain risks associated with PPPs? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Does the country have a national development bank? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Does the country have credit rating agencies to rate infrastructure projects? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Typically, what are the credit ratings achieved/received by infrastructure projects? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Is there a threshold credit rating for infrastructure PPPs below which institutional investors, pension funds, and insurance companies would not invest in infrastructure PPPs? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable What is the typical funding model for infrastructure PPPs—corporate finance or project finance? Are there regulatory limits/restrictions for the maximum exposure that can be taken by banks to infrastructure projects? Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Sector-Specific PPP Landscape
Contracting Agencies in the SectorSupporting Indicators Units Definition None Description Details on which government agencies could act as the contracting agencies for a PPP project Sector Laws and RegulationsSupporting Indicators Units Definition None Description Details on the applicable sector laws and regulations for PPP projects including the sector regulators and their respective functions Foreign Investment Restrictions in the SectorSupporting Indicators Units Definition Maximum allowed foreign ownership of equity in greenfield projects % Details on the maximum allowed foreign equity investment in greenfield PPP projects in a particular sector Standard Contracts in the SectorSupporting Indicators Units Definition PPP/concession agreement Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Specifics of whether standard contracts are available for PPP projects in a particular sector Performance-based operation and maintenance contract Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Engineering, procurement, and construction contract Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Sector Master PlanSupporting Indicators Units Definition None Description Details on the master plan and/or roadmap adopted for infrastructure development in the sector by the national government and the corresponding line ministry
Details on the pipeline of PPP projects for the sector aligned with the sector master plan and/or roadmap
Details on the PPP projects under preparation and procurement in the sector
Features of Past PPP ProjectsSupporting Indicators Units Definition Number of PPP projects procured through various modes of PPP procurement—Direct Appointment, Unsolicited Bids, and Competitive Bids Number Features of past PPP projects based on supporting indicators in terms of the number and value (where applicable) of PPP projects for each supporting indicator Number and value of PPP projects reaching financial closure Number Number of PPP projects with foreign sponsor participation in absolute terms, and as a percentage of total number of PPP projects Number Number of PPP projects supported with various forms of government financial support—Viability Gap Funding, Government Guarantees, and Availability/Performance Payments Number Number of PPP projects based on various types of payment mechanisms—User Charges, and Government Pay (Offtake) Number Tariffs Applicable to the SectorSupporting Indicators Units Definition None Description Details on the indicative tariffs applicable in the sector based on the examples of select PPP or other projects operational in the sector Typical Risk Allocation for PPP Projects in the SectorSupporting Indicators Units Definition Traffic risk Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Details on the typical risk allocation between the government contracting agency and the private partner based on examples of select PPP projects which have achieved commercial close Collection risk Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Competition risk Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Government payment risk Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Environmental and social risk Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Land acquisition risk Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Permits Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Geotechnical risk Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Brownfield risk: inventories studies, property boundaries, project scope Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Political risk Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Force majeure Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Foreign exchange risk Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Construction risk Yes/No/Not Applicable/Unavailable Financing Details for PPP Projects in the SectorSupporting Indicators Units Definition PPP projects with foreign lending participation Number Typical financing details based on past PPP projects on the lines of the supporting indicators PPP projects that received export credit agency/international financing institution support Number Typical debt–equity ratio Ratio Time for financial closure Months Typical concession period Years Typical financial internal rate of return % Challenges Associated with PPPs in the SectorSupporting Indicators Units Definition None Description Details on the PPP-related and sector-specific challenges faced by PPP projects in the sector Typical Sector-Specific Infrastructure Indicators for the Country
RoadsSupporting Indicators Units Definition Length of the total road network kilometers Quality of road infrastructure 1(low) – 7(high) RailwaysSupporting Indicators Units Definition Length of total railway network total route-km Total number of passengers carried million passenger-km Total volume of freight carried million ton-km Quality of railways infrastructure 1(low) – 7(high) km = kilometers.
PortsSupporting Indicators Units Definition Total number of ports Number Total freight capacity of all ports MTPA Total container traffic at ports TEU Quality of port infrastructure 1(low) – 7(high) Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure index 1=low to 5=high MTPA = metric tons per annum, TEU = twenty-foot equivalent unit.
AirportsSupporting Indicators Units Definition Number of airports number Total passenger capacity million passengers Quality of air transport infrastructure 1(low) – 7(high) Total number of projects with cumulative lending, grant, and technical assistance commitments in the transport sector number Total amount of cumulative lending, grant, and technical assistance commitments in the transport sector $ million EnergySupporting Indicators Units Definition Electric power consumption kilowatt-hour per capita Share of clean energy % of total energy use Access to electricity % of population Getting electricity (score out of 100) number Energy imports % of total energy use Investment in energy with private participation current $ million Total number of projects with cumulative lending, grant, and technical assistance commitments in the energy sector number Total amount of cumulative lending, grant, and technical assistance commitments in the energy sector $ million Water and WastewaterSupporting Indicators Units Definition Improved water source access % of population with access Improved sanitation facilities access % of population with access Investment in water and sanitation with private participation current $ million Total number of projects with cumulative lending, grant, and technical assistance commitments in water and other urban infrastructure and services number Total amount of cumulative lending, grant, and technical assistance commitments in water and other urban infrastructure and services $ million Information and Communication TechnologySupporting Indicators Units Definition Telephone subscribers per 100 inhabitants Cellular phone subscribers per 100 inhabitants Cellular network coverage % of population covered Internet subscribers per 100 inhabitants Internet bandwidth per user kbps Total number of projects with cumulative lending, grant, and technical assistance commitments in the ICT sector number Total amount of cumulative lending, grant, and technical assistance commitments in the ICT sector $ million ICT = information and communication technology, kbps = kilobits per second.
Social InfrastructureSupporting Indicators Units Definition Government expenditure on education % of GDP Education spending as % of government spending % Primary school gross enrollment % Adult literacy rate % Total number of projects with cumulative lending, grant, and technical assistance commitments in the education sector number Total amount of cumulative lending, grant, and technical assistance commitments in the education sector $ million Total health expenditure % of GDP Health spending per capita USD Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimates per 100,000 live births) (per 100,000 live births) Infant mortality rate (below 1 year/per 1,000 live births) Life expectancy at birth (years) Child malnutrition (% below 5 years old) Total number of projects with cumulative lending, grant, and technical assistance commitments in the health sector number Total amount of cumulative lending, grant, and technical assistance commitments in the health sector $ million Existing number of affordable housing units number Affordable housing gap GDP = gross domestic product, USD = United States dollar.
Local Government PPP Landscape
Key Indicators Related to Local Governments in the CountrySupporting Indicators Units Definition Number of SNGs Details on the local governments using select key indicators on (i) the number and levels of local governments, (ii) the typical expenditure profile and heads, (iii) the typical revenue profile and heads, (iv) the typical debt profile and heads, and (v) grants and transfers from the higher levels of government - Municipal level number - Intermediate level number - Regional or state level number Total number of SNGs number SNG Expenditure Profile SNG Expenditure Profile Total SNG Expenditure as % of GDP % - SNG Current Expenditure as % of GDP % - SNG Staff Expenditure as % of GDP % - SNG Investment as % of GDP % Total SNG Expenditure as % of the Total General Government (% of Total Public Expenditure) % - SNG Current Expenditure as a % of Total Current Expenditure of the General Government % - SNG Staff Expenditure as a % of Total Staff Expenditure of the General Government % - SNG Investment as a % of Total Investment of the General Government % Current Expenditure of SNG as a % of Total SNG Expenditure % Staff Expenditure of SNG as a % of Total SNG Expenditure % Investments of SNG as a % of Total SNG Expenditure % SNG Expenditure by Function SNG Expenditure by Function - General public services % - Defense % - Security and public order % - Economic affairs % - Environmental protection % - Housing and community amenities % - Health % - Recreation, culture, and religion % - Education % - Social protection % SNG Revenue Profile SNG Revenue Profile Total SNG Revenue as a % of GDP % - SNG Tax Revenue as a % of GDP % - SNG Grants and Subsidies as a % of GDP % - SNG Other Revenues as a % of GDP % Total SNG Revenue as % of Total General Government Revenue % - SNG Tax Revenue as a % of Total General Government Tax Revenue % - SNG Grants and Subsidies as a % of Total General Government Grants and Subsidies % - SNG Other Revenues as a % of Total Other Revenues % SNG Tax Revenue as a % of Total SNG Revenue % SNG Grants and Subsidies as a % of Total SNG Revenue % SNG Other Revenues as a % of Total SNG Revenue % SNG Debt Profile SNG Debt Profile Outstanding SNG Debt as % of GDP % Outstanding SNG Debt as % of Total Outstanding Debt of General Government % Parameters for transfers to the SNGs from the National Government Parameters for transfers to the SNGs from the National Government Score on transfers to SNGs - Score on system for allocating transfers - Score on timeliness of information on transfers - Score on extent of collection and reporting of consolidated fiscal data for general government Value of Central Government transfers to SNGs % of the GDP Value of actual budgetary allocation to SNGs from National Government % of total expenditure Value of deviation of actual against the budgeted transfers to SNGs % of budgeted transfers GDP = gross domestic product, SNG = subnational government.
Local Governance SystemSupporting Indicators Units Definition None Description Details on the local governance system in the country, including the various levels of local governments; their roles, responsibilities and functions; and the devolution of powers from the higher levels of government to these various levels of local governments Infrastructure Development Plan for Local GovernmentsSupporting Indicators Units Definition None Description Details on the infrastructure development plans prepared by the local governments based on their capital investment projects in the pipeline, and the coverage of such infrastructure development plans PPP-Enabling Framework for Local GovernmentsSupporting Indicators Units Definition None Description Details on the PPP-enabling framework applicable to local government PPP projects, including PPP legal and regulatory framework, PPP policy framework, and PPP institutional framework PPP = public–private partnership.
Eligible Sectors for PPPs for Local GovernmentsSupporting Indicators Units Definition None Description Details on the eligible sectors in which PPPs could be undertaken by local government as government contracting agency PPP = public–private partnership.
Revenues for Local GovernmentsSupporting Indicators Units Definition None Description Details on the typical sources of revenue for local governments Borrowings by Local GovernmentsSupporting Indicators Units Definition None Description Details on the typical sources of debt financing available for local governments, the purpose for which borrowed funds could be used, the terms of such borrowings, and the borrowing exposure of select local governments Budgetary Allocation to Local GovernmentsSupporting Indicators Units Definition None Description Details on the budgetary allocations and transfers to the local governments from the higher levels of government Credit Rating of Local GovernmentsSupporting Indicators Units Definition None Description Details on the precedence of local governments being rated by credit rating agencies in the country
Details of credit ratings obtained by select local governments in the past
Case Study on a Local Government PPPSupporting Indicators Units Definition None Description A case of a PPP project undertaken by a local government in the past, which covers details on project background, project assets, PPP structure for the project, risk allocation among the parties for the project, project finance and project revenue details, and key learnings from the PPP project
PPP = public–private partnership.
Critical Macroeconomic and Infrastructure Sector Indicators for the Country
Critical Macroeconomic and Infrastructure Sector IndicatorsSupporting Indicators Units Definition Total population million Details of major macroeconomic indicators for the country Average annual population growth rate % Population density persons per square kilometer (km2) of surface area Urban population % of total population Surface area ‘000 km2 Unemployment rate % Proportion of population below $1.90 purchasing power parity (PPP) a day % Nominal gross domestic product (GDP) $ billion % Annual growth rate of GDP (2019) % Annual growth rate of GDP (2020 forecast) % Annual growth rate of GDP (2021 forecast) % GDP at PPP per capita $ at PPP GDP at current market prices $ billion Gross fixed investment at current market prices % of GDP Per capita gross national income (GNI), Atlas Method $ Inflation rate (2019) % Inflation rate (2020 forecast) % Inflation rate (2021 forecast) % Current account (2019) % of GDP External trade, goods, value of imports, CIF (2018) $ billion External trade, goods, value of exports, FOB (2018) $ billion Consumer price index (CPI) % change over 2018 % of CPI in 2018 Real effective exchange rate Investment in energy with private sector participation current $ million Investment in transport with private sector participation current $ million Investment in water and sanitation with private sector participation current $ million Logistics Performance Index (LPI) rank number LPI score number Customs rank number Customs score number Infrastructure rank number Infrastructure score number International shipments rank number International shipments score number Logistics competence rank number Logistics competence score number Tracking and tracing rank number Tracking and tracing score number Timeliness rank number Timeliness score number Structure of Output (% of GDP at current producer/basic prices) Agriculture % Industry % Services % Consumer price index (national) % annual change Producer price index % annual change Wholesale price index (national) % annual change Retail price index % annual change Exchange rates (end of period) local currency - $ ADF Portfolio Total number of loans number 1. Sovereign
number 2. Nonsovereign
number Net loan amount $ million, cumulative 1. Sovereign
$ million, cumulative 2. Nonsovereign
$ million, cumulative Disbursed amount $ million, cumulative 1. Sovereign
$ million, cumulative 2. Nonsovereign
$ million, cumulative Net foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows % of GDP Sovereign debt risk rating letter rating Central government debt % of GDP CPIA quality of budgetary and financial management rating 1=low to 6=high Ease of Doing Business Ease of doing business rank number Starting a business (rank) number Dealing with construction permits (rank) number Getting electricity (rank) number Registering property (rank) number Getting credit (rank) number Protecting minority investors (rank) number Paying taxes (rank) number Trading across borders (rank) number Enforcing contracts (rank) number Resolving insolvency (rank) number Corruption and Sustainable Development Index Corruption Perceptions Index rank (out of 180) number Corruption Perceptions Index score (out of 100) number Sustainable Development Index rank number Sustainable Development Index score number Cumulative Lending, Grant, and Technical Assistance Commitments Number of projects number Total lending $ million GCI infrastructure score out of 7 EIU Infrascope Index Score PPP regulations score (out of 100) number PPP regulations rank number PPP institutions score (out of 100) number PPP institutions rank number PPP market maturity score (out of 100) number PPP market maturity rank number PPP financing score (out of 100) number PPP financing rank number Investment and business climate score (out of 100) number Investment and business climate rank number Ease of Doing BusinessSupporting Indicators Units Definition Score of starting a business (0-100) Details on the various Ease of Doing Business parameters for the country based on the World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business publication - Procedures
(number) - Time
(days) - Cost
(number) - Paid-in minimum capital
(% of income per capita) Score of dealing with construction permits (0–100) - Procedures
(number) - Time
(days) - Cost
(% of warehouse value) - Building quality control index
(0–15) Score of getting electricity (0–100) - Procedures
(number) - Time
(days) - Cost
(% of income per capita) - Reliability of supply and transparency of tariff index
(0–8) Score of registering property (0–100) - Procedures
(number) - Time
(days) - Cost
(% of property value) - Quality of the land administration index
(0–30) Score of getting credit (0–100) - Strength of legal rights index
(0–12) - Depth of credit information index
(0–8) - Credit registry coverage
(% of adults) - Credit bureau coverage
(% of adults) Score of protecting minority investors (0–100) - Extent of disclosure index
(0–10) - Extent of director liability index
(0–10) - Ease of shareholder suits index
(0–10) - Extent of shareholder rights index
(0–6) - Extent of ownership and control index
(0–7) - Extent of corporate transparency index
(0–7) Score of paying taxes
(0–100) - Payments
(number per year) - Time
(hours per year) - Total tax and contribution rate
(% of profit) - Post-filing index
(0–100) Score of trading across borders (0–100) Time to export - Documentary compliance
(hours) - Border compliance
(hours) Cost to export - Documentary compliance
(USD) - Border compliance
(USD) Time to export - Documentary compliance
(hours) - Border compliance
(hours) Cost to export Documentary compliance (USD) - Border compliance
(USD) Score of enforcing contracts (0–100) - Time
(days) - Cost
(% of claim value) - Quality of judicial processes index
(0–18) Score of resolving insolvency (0–100) - Recovery rate
(cents on the dollar) - Time
(years) - Cost
(% of estate) - Outcome
(0 as piecemeal sale and 1 as going concern) Strength of insolvency framework index (0–16) USD = US dollar.